{
    "title":  "المقدمة الجزرية",
    "titleEn":  "Al-Muqaddimah al-Jazariyyah",
    "subtitle":  "متن في التجويد",
    "author":  "Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Jazari (d. 833 AH)",
    "verseCount":  109,
    "hemistichMark":  "۞",
    "translationStatus":  "draft",
    "translationNote":  "English is a provisional draft for scholarly review; the orthography chapters (verses 79-100) especially warrant verification.",
    "variantNote":  "Alternate readings and print-variants are sourced from \"The Adornment of the Tuhfah and Jazariyyah\"; they cover the first four chapters (verses 1-33) documented in that book.",
    "chapters":  [
                     {
                         "id":  "intro",
                         "ar":  "المقدمة",
                         "en":  "Introduction",
                         "range":  [
                                       1,
                                       8
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "makharij",
                         "ar":  "مخارج الحروف",
                         "en":  "Articulation Points of Letters",
                         "range":  [
                                       9,
                                       19
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "sifaat",
                         "ar":  "صفات الحروف",
                         "en":  "Characteristics of Letters",
                         "range":  [
                                       20,
                                       26
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "tajweed",
                         "ar":  "التجويد",
                         "en":  "Tajweed",
                         "range":  [
                                       27,
                                       33
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "tanbihat",
                         "ar":  "التنبيهات",
                         "en":  "Warnings",
                         "range":  [
                                       34,
                                       40
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "raat",
                         "ar":  "الراءات",
                         "en":  "The Ra\u0027s",
                         "range":  [
                                       41,
                                       43
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "lamaat",
                         "ar":  "اللامات",
                         "en":  "The Lams and Other Rules",
                         "range":  [
                                       44,
                                       51
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "dhad-dha",
                         "ar":  "الضاد والظاء",
                         "en":  "The Dad and the Dha",
                         "range":  [
                                       52,
                                       61
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "noon-meem",
                         "ar":  "النون والميم المشددتين والميم الساكنة",
                         "en":  "Doubled Noon, Meem \u0026 Sakin Meem",
                         "range":  [
                                       62,
                                       64
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "noon-sakin",
                         "ar":  "النون الساكنة والتنوين",
                         "en":  "Noon Sakin \u0026 Tanween",
                         "range":  [
                                       65,
                                       68
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "madd",
                         "ar":  "المد",
                         "en":  "The Lengthening (Madd)",
                         "range":  [
                                       69,
                                       72
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "waqf",
                         "ar":  "الوقف والابتداء",
                         "en":  "Stops and Starts",
                         "range":  [
                                       73,
                                       78
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "maqtoo",
                         "ar":  "المقطوع والموصول",
                         "en":  "Separated and Joined",
                         "range":  [
                                       79,
                                       93
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "taat",
                         "ar":  "التاءات",
                         "en":  "The Ta\u0027s",
                         "range":  [
                                       94,
                                       100
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "hamzat-wasl",
                         "ar":  "همزة الوصل",
                         "en":  "The Hamzat Al-Wasl",
                         "range":  [
                                       101,
                                       103
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "waqf-akhir",
                         "ar":  "الوقف على أواخر الكلم",
                         "en":  "Stopping on Word Endings",
                         "range":  [
                                       104,
                                       105
                                   ]
                     },
                     {
                         "id":  "khatima",
                         "ar":  "الخاتمة",
                         "en":  "Conclusion",
                         "range":  [
                                       106,
                                       109
                                   ]
                     }
                 ],
    "verses":  [
                   {
                       "n":  1,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "يَقُولُ رَاجِي عَفْوِ رَبٍّ سَامِعِ",
                       "left":  "مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَزَرِيِّ الشَّافِعِي",
                       "en":  "Muḥammad ibn al-Jazarī, the Shāfiʿī, hoping for the pardon of an all-hearing Lord, says:"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  2,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَصَلَّى اللَّهُ",
                       "left":  "عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ وَمُصْطَفَاهُ",
                       "en":  "All praise is due to Allah, and may Allah send blessings upon His Prophet and Chosen One,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  3,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ",
                       "left":  "وَمُقْرِئِ الْقُرْآنِ مَعْ مُحِبِّهِ",
                       "en":  "Muḥammad, and upon his family and companions, and the teacher of the Qurʾān together with the one who loves it.",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "3L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "الْقُرْآنِ",
                                            "variant":  "الْقُرَانِ",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  4,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "وَبَعْدُ إِنَّ هَذِهِ مُقَدِّمَهْ",
                       "left":  "فِيمَا عَلَى قَارِئِهِ أَنْ يَعْلَمَهْ",
                       "en":  "To proceed: this is an introduction to what the reciter of the Qurʾān is obliged to know.",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "4R1",
                                            "hemistich":  "right",
                                            "default":  "مُقَدِّمَهْ",
                                            "variant":  "مُقَدَّمَهْ",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  5,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "إِذْ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْهِمْ مُحَتَّمُ",
                       "left":  "قَبْلَ الشُّرُوعِ أَوَّلًا أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا",
                       "en":  "For it is a binding duty upon them, before they begin, that they first know"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  6,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "مَخَارِجَ الْحُرُوفِ وَالصِّفَاتِ",
                       "left":  "لِيَلْفِظُوا بِأَفْصَحِ اللُّغَاتِ",
                       "en":  "the articulation points of the letters and their attributes, so they may pronounce them in the most eloquent manner,",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "6L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "لِيَلْفِظُوا",
                                            "variant":  "لِيَنْطِقُوا",
                                            "category":  "print-variant"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  7,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "مُحَرِّرِي التَّجْوِيدِ وَالْمَوَاقِفِ",
                       "left":  "وَمَا الَّذِي رُسِمَ فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ",
                       "en":  "being masters of tajwīd and of the places of pausing, and of what is written in the maṣāḥif,",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "7L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "رُسِمَ",
                                            "variant":  "رُسِّمَ",
                                            "category":  "print-variant"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  8,
                       "chapter":  "intro",
                       "right":  "مِنْ كُلِّ مَقْطُوعٍ وَمَوْصُولٍ بِهَا",
                       "left":  "وَتَاءِ أُنْثَى لَمْ تَكُنْ تَكْتُبْ بِهَا",
                       "en":  "of every separated and joined word, and the feminine tāʾ that is not written with a hāʾ."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  9,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "مَخَارِجُ الْحُرُوفِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرْ",
                       "left":  "عَلَى الَّذِي يَخْتَارُهُ مَنِ اخْتَبَرْ",
                       "en":  "The articulation points of the letters are seventeen, by the choice of those who have tested them."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  10,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "فَأَلِفُ الْجَوْفِ وَأُخْتَاهَا وَهِيْ",
                       "left":  "حُرُوفُ مَدٍّ لِلْهَوَاءِ تَنْتَهِيْ",
                       "en":  "The alif of the hollow and its two sisters — the letters of madd — terminate in the air of the mouth."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  11,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "ثُمَّ لِأَقْصَى الْحَلْقِ هَمْزٌ هَاءُ",
                       "left":  "ثُمَّ لِوَسْطِهِ فَعَيْنٌ حَاءُ",
                       "en":  "Then from the deepest throat: the hamzah and hāʾ; then from its middle: the ʿayn and ḥāʾ;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  12,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "أَدْنَاهُ غَيْنٌ خَاؤُهَا وَالْقَافُ",
                       "left":  "أَقْصَى اللِّسَانِ فَوْقُ ثُمَّ الْكَافُ",
                       "en":  "nearest (the mouth): its ghayn and khāʾ; and the qāf from the deepest part of the tongue, above; then the kāf,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  13,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "أَسْفَلُ وَالْوَسْطُ فَجِيمُ الشِّينُ يَا",
                       "left":  "وَالضَّادُ مِنْ حَافَتِهِ إِذْ وَلِيَا",
                       "en":  "below it; and the middle (of the tongue) gives the jīm, shīn and yāʾ; and the ḍād from its edge where it meets"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  14,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "الْأَضْرَاسَ مِنْ أَيْسَرَ أَوْ يُمْنَاهَا",
                       "left":  "وَاللَّامُ أَدْنَاهَا لِمُنْتَهَاهَا",
                       "en":  "the molars, on the left side or the right; and the lām from its edge, nearer to its tip."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  15,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "وَالنُّونُ مِنْ طَرَفِهِ تَحْتُ اجْعَلُوا",
                       "left":  "وَالرَّا يُدَانِيهِ لِظَهْرٍ أَدْخَلُ",
                       "en":  "Place the nūn from the tip below it; and the rāʾ close to it, set further in toward the back."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  16,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "وَالطَّاءُ وَالدَّالُ وَتَا مِنْهُ وَمِنْ",
                       "left":  "عُلْيَا الثَّنَايَا وَالصَّفِيرُ مُسْتَكِنْ",
                       "en":  "The ṭāʾ, dāl and tāʾ are from it (the tip) and from the upper incisors; and the ṣafīr letters lie hidden"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  17,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "مِنْهُ وَمِنْ فَوْقِ الثَّنَايَا السُّفْلَى",
                       "left":  "وَالظَّاءُ وَالذَّالُ وَثَا لِلْعُلْيَا",
                       "en":  "from it and from above the lower incisors; while the ẓāʾ, dhāl and thāʾ are directed to the upper (incisors),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  18,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "مِنْ طَرَفَيْهِمَا وَمِنْ بَطْنِ الشَّفَهْ",
                       "left":  "فَالْفَا مَعَ اطْرَافِ الثَّنَايَا الْمُشْرِفَهْ",
                       "en":  "from the tips of both; and from the inner lip with the edges of the projecting upper incisors comes the fāʾ."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  19,
                       "chapter":  "makharij",
                       "right":  "لِلشَّفَتَيْنِ الْوَاوُ بَاءٌ مِيمُ",
                       "left":  "وَغُنَّةٌ مَخْرَجُهَا الْخَيْشُومُ",
                       "en":  "To the two lips belong the wāw, bāʾ and mīm; and the ghunnah, whose exit is the nasal passage."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  20,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "صِفَاتُهَا جَهْرٌ وَرِخْوٌ مُسْتَفِلْ",
                       "left":  "مُنْفَتِحٌ مُصْمَتَةٌ وَالضِّدَّ قُلْ",
                       "en":  "Their attributes are jahr, rakhāwah, istifāl, infitāḥ and iṣmāt — and state their opposites too."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  21,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "مَهْمُوسُهَا فَحَثَّهُ شَخْصٌ سَكَتْ",
                       "left":  "شَدِيدُهَا لَفْظُ أَجِدْ قَطٍ بَكَتْ",
                       "en":  "Its whispered (hams) letters are in (faḥathhu shakhṣun sakat); its plosive (shiddah) in the phrase (ajid qaṭin bakat);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  22,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "وَبَيْنَ رِخْوٍ وَالشَّدِيدِ لِنْ عُمَرْ",
                       "left":  "وَسَبْعُ عُلْوٍ خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظْ حَصَرْ",
                       "en":  "between rakhāwah and shiddah are (lin ʿumar); and the seven elevated (istiʿlāʾ) are singled out in (khuṣṣa ḍaghṭin qiẓ);",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "22L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "وَسَبْعُ",
                                            "variant":  "وَسَبْعِ",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  23,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "وَصَادُ ضَادٌ طَاءُ ظَاءٌ مُطْبَقَهْ",
                       "left":  "وَفِرَّ مِنْ لُبٍّ الْحُرُوفُ الْمُذْلَقَهْ",
                       "en":  "ṣād, ḍād, ṭāʾ and ẓāʾ are the covered (iṭbāq); and (firra min lubbin) are the fluent-edged (idhlāq) letters.",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "23R1",
                                            "hemistich":  "right",
                                            "default":  "مُطْبَقَهْ",
                                            "variant":  "مُطْبَقَةً",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "id":  "23L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "وَفِرَّ",
                                            "variant":  "وَفَرَّ",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  24,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "صَفِيرُهَا صَادٌ وَزَايٌ سِينُ",
                       "left":  "قَلْقَلَةٌ قُطْبُ جَدٍ وَاللِّينُ",
                       "en":  "Its whistling (ṣafīr) letters are ṣād, zāy and sīn; qalqalah is in (quṭbu jadd); and the soft (līn) letters —"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  25,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "وَاوٌ وَيَاءٌ سَكَنَا وَانْفَتَحَا",
                       "left":  "قَبْلَهُمَا وَالِانْحِرَافُ صُحِّحَا",
                       "en":  "wāw and yāʾ when quiescent with a fatḥah before them; and inḥirāf is confirmed",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "25R1",
                                            "hemistich":  "right",
                                            "default":  "سَكَنَا",
                                            "variant":  "سُكِّنَا",
                                            "category":  "print-variant"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  26,
                       "chapter":  "sifaat",
                       "right":  "فِي اللَّامِ وَالرَّا وَبِتَكْرِيرٍ جُعِلْ",
                       "left":  "وَلِلتَّفَشِّي الشِّينُ ضَادًا اسْتُطِلْ",
                       "en":  "in the lām and rāʾ, and the rāʾ is given takrīr; tafashshī belongs to the shīn, and istiṭālah to the ḍād."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  27,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "وَالْأَخْذُ بِالتَّجْوِيدِ حَتْمٌ لَازِمُ",
                       "left":  "مَنْ لَمْ يُجَوِّدِ الْقُرْآنَ آثِمُ",
                       "en":  "Applying tajwīd is a binding obligation; whoever does not recite the Qurʾān with tajwīd is sinful,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  28,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "لِأَنَّهُ بِهِ الْإِلَهُ أَنْزَلَا",
                       "left":  "وَهَكَذَا مِنْهُ إِلَيْنَا وَصَلَا",
                       "en":  "because it was with it that God revealed it, and thus it reached us from Him."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  29,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "وَهْوَ أَيْضًا حِلْيَةُ التِّلَاوَهْ",
                       "left":  "وَزِينَةُ الْأَدَاءِ وَالْقِرَاءَهْ",
                       "en":  "It is, moreover, the ornament of recitation and the adornment of delivery and reading."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  30,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "وَهْوَ إِعْطَاءُ الْحُرُوفِ حَقَّهَا",
                       "left":  "مِنْ صِفَةٍ لَهَا وَمُسْتَحَقَّهَا",
                       "en":  "It is to give the letters their due, of the attributes inherent to them and those they merit,",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "30L1",
                                            "hemistich":  "left",
                                            "default":  "لَهَا",
                                            "variant":  "مِنْ كُلِّ صِفَةٍ",
                                            "category":  "print-variant"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  31,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "وَرَدُّ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ لِأَصْلِهِ",
                       "left":  "وَاللَّفْظُ فِي نَظِيرِهِ كَمِثْلِهِ",
                       "en":  "and to return each one to its origin, and to pronounce each like its equivalent,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  32,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "مُكَمَّلًا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا تَكَلُّفِ",
                       "left":  "بِاللُّطْفِ فِي النُّطْقِ بِلَا تَعَسُّفِ",
                       "en":  "in full, without affectation, with gentleness in utterance and without harshness.",
                       "variants":  [
                                        {
                                            "id":  "32R1",
                                            "hemistich":  "right",
                                            "default":  "مُكَمَّلًا",
                                            "variant":  "مُكَمَلًا",
                                            "category":  "alternate-reading"
                                        }
                                    ]
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  33,
                       "chapter":  "tajweed",
                       "right":  "وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ تَرْكِهِ",
                       "left":  "إِلَّا رِيَاضَةُ امْرِئٍ بِفَكِّهِ",
                       "en":  "Between attaining it and abandoning it there lies nothing but a person\u0027s practice with his jaw."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  34,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَرَقِّقَنْ مُسْتَفِلًا مِنْ أَحْرُفِ",
                       "left":  "وَحَاذِرَنْ تَفْخِيمَ لَفْظِ الْأَلِفِ",
                       "en":  "Make the low (istifāl) letters thin, and beware of thickening the pronunciation of the alif,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  35,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَهَمْزَ الْحَمْدُ أَعُوذُ اهْدِنَا",
                       "left":  "اللَّهُ ثُمَّ لَامَ لِلَّهِ لَنَا",
                       "en":  "and (guard) the hamzah of (al-ḥamd), (aʿūdhu), (ihdinā), (Allāh), then the lām of (lillāhi) for us,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  36,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَلْيَتَلَطَّفْ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ وَلَا",
                       "left":  "الضَّالِّينَ مِيمَ مَخْمَصَةٍ وَمَرْضَى",
                       "en":  "and (walyatalaṭṭaf), (ʿalā Allāh), (wa-la-ḍ-ḍāllīn), the mīm of (makhmaṣah) and (marḍā),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  37,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَبَاءِ بَرْقٍ بَاطِلٍ بِهِمْ بِذِي",
                       "left":  "وَاحْرِصْ عَلَى الشِّدَّةِ وَالْجَهْرِ الَّذِي",
                       "en":  "and the bāʾ of (barq), (bāṭil), (bihim), (bidhī); and hold firmly to the shiddah and jahr that are"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  38,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "فِيهَا وَفِي الْجِيمِ كَحُبِّ الصَّبْرِ",
                       "left":  "رَبْوَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ وَحَجِّ الْفَجْرِ",
                       "en":  "in them and in the jīm, as in (ḥubbi-ṣ-ṣabr), (rabwatin ijtuththat), (ḥajj) and (al-fajr);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  39,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَبَيِّنَنْ مُقَلْقَلًا إِنْ سَكَنَا",
                       "left":  "وَإِنْ يَكُنْ فِي الْوَقْفِ كَانَ أَبْيَنَا",
                       "en":  "and make the qalqalah letter clear when it is quiescent, and clearer still when it falls at a pause;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  40,
                       "chapter":  "tanbihat",
                       "right":  "وَحَاءَ حَصْحَصَ أَحَطُّ الْحَقُّ",
                       "left":  "سِينَ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يَسْطُو يَسْقُو",
                       "en":  "and the ḥāʾ of (ḥaṣḥaṣa), (aḥaṭtu), (al-ḥaqq); the sīn of (mustaqīm), (yasṭū), (yasqū)."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  41,
                       "chapter":  "raat",
                       "right":  "وَرَقِّقِ الرَّاءَ إِذَا مَا كُسِرَتْ",
                       "left":  "كَذَاكَ بَعْدَ الْكَسْرِ حَيْثُ سَكَنَتْ",
                       "en":  "Make the rāʾ thin when it carries a kasrah, and likewise after a kasrah when it is quiescent,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  42,
                       "chapter":  "raat",
                       "right":  "إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنْ قَبْلِ حَرْفِ اسْتِعْلَا",
                       "left":  "أَوْ كَانَتِ الْكَسْرَةُ لَيْسَتْ أَصْلَا",
                       "en":  "provided it is not before a letter of istiʿlāʾ, or the kasrah is not an original one;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  43,
                       "chapter":  "raat",
                       "right":  "وَالْخُلْفُ فِي فِرْقٍ لِكَسْرٍ يُوجَدُ",
                       "left":  "وَأَخْفِ تَكْرِيرًا إِذَا تُشَدَّدُ",
                       "en":  "and there is difference of opinion over (firq) on account of its kasrah; and lighten the takrīr when it is doubled."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  44,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَفَخِّمِ اللَّامَ مِنِ اسْمِ اللَّهِ",
                       "left":  "عَنْ فَتْحٍ اوْ ضَمٍّ كَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ",
                       "en":  "Thicken the lām of the name (Allāh) when preceded by a fatḥah or ḍammah, as in (ʿabdu-llāh),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  45,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَحَرْفَ الِاسْتِعْلَاءِ فَخِّمْ وَاخْصُصَا",
                       "left":  "الْإِطْبَاقَ أَقْوَى نَحْوَ قَالَ وَالْعَصَا",
                       "en":  "and thicken the letters of istiʿlāʾ, and make the iṭbāq strongest, as in (qāla) and (al-ʿaṣā);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  46,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَبَيِّنِ الْإِطْبَاقَ مِنْ أَحَطْتُ مَعْ",
                       "left":  "بَسَطْتَ وَالْخُلْفُ بِنَخْلُقْكُمْ وَقَعْ",
                       "en":  "and make the iṭbāq distinct in (aḥaṭtu) and (basaṭta); disagreement occurs in (nakhluqkum);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  47,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَاحْرِصْ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي جَعَلْنَا",
                       "left":  "أَنْعَمْتَ وَالْمَغْضُوبِ مَعْ ضَلَلْنَا",
                       "en":  "and hold to the sukūn in (jaʿalnā), (anʿamta), (al-maghḍūb) and (ḍalalnā);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  48,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَخَلِّصِ انْفِتَاحَ مَحْذُورًا عَسَى",
                       "left":  "خَوْفَ اشْتِبَاهِهِ بِمَحْظُورًا عَصَى",
                       "en":  "and keep the infitāḥ clear in (maḥdhūran) and (ʿasā), lest they be confused with (maḥẓūran) and (ʿaṣā);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  49,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَرَاعِ شِدَّةً بِكَافٍ وَبِتَا",
                       "left":  "كَشِرْكِكُمْ وَتَتَوَفَّى فِتْنَتَا",
                       "en":  "and observe the shiddah in the kāf and tāʾ, as in (shirkikum), (tatawaffā) and (fitnatā);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  50,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "وَأَوَّلَيْ مِثْلٍ وَجِنْسٍ إِنْ سَكَنْ",
                       "left":  "أَدْغِمْ كَقُلْ رَبِّ وَبَلْ لَا وَأَبِنْ",
                       "en":  "and when the first of two identical or same-type letters is quiescent, merge it, as in (qul rabbi), (bal lā); and make distinct"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  51,
                       "chapter":  "lamaat",
                       "right":  "فِي يَوْمِ مَعْ قَالُوا وَهُمْ وَقُلْ نَعَمْ",
                       "left":  "سَبِّحْهُ لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَ فَالْتَقَمْ",
                       "en":  "in (yawma maʿa), (qālū wa-hum), (qul naʿam), (sabbiḥhu), (lā tuzigh qulūba), (faltaqam)."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  52,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَالضَّادَ بِاسْتِطَالَةٍ وَمَخْرَجِ",
                       "left":  "مَيِّزْ مِنَ الظَّاءِ وَكُلُّهَا تَجِي",
                       "en":  "Distinguish the ḍād from the ẓāʾ by its istiṭālah and its articulation point; and all the (ẓāʾ) words come"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  53,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "فِي الظَّعْنِ ظِلِّ الظُّهْرِ عُظْمِ الْحِفْظِ",
                       "left":  "أَيْقِظْ وَأَنْظُرْ عَظْمَ ظَهْرِ اللَّفْظِ",
                       "en":  "in: (aẓ-ẓaʿn), (ẓill), (aẓ-ẓuhr), (ʿaẓm al-ḥifẓ), (ayqiẓ), (unẓur), (ʿaẓma ẓahr) — of the wording,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  54,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "ظَاهِرْ لَظَى شُوَاظُ كَظْمٍ ظَلَمَا",
                       "left":  "اغْلُظْ ظَلَامَ ظُفْرٍ انْتَظِرْ ظَمَا",
                       "en":  "(ẓāhir), (laẓā), (shuwāẓ), (kaẓm), (ẓalamā), (ughluẓ), (ẓalām), (ẓufr), (intaẓir), (ẓamā),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  55,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "ظَنًّا كَظَنَّ أَظْفَرَا كَيْفَ جَا",
                       "left":  "وَعَظْ سِوَى عِضِينَ ظَلَّ النَّحْلِ زُخْرُفَا",
                       "en":  "(ẓannan) as in (ẓanna), (aẓfara) however it comes, (ʿiẓ) — except (ʿiḍīn); (ẓalla) in an-Naḥl and az-Zukhruf,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  56,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَظَلْتُ ظَلْتُمْ وَبِرُومٍ ظَلُّوا",
                       "left":  "كَالْحِجْرِ ظَلَّتْ شُعَرَا نَظَلُّ",
                       "en":  "(ẓalta), (ẓaltum), (ẓallū) in ar-Rūm, like (ẓaltu) in al-Ḥijr, (ẓallat) in ash-Shuʿarāʾ, (naẓall),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  57,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "يَظْلَلْنَ مَحْظُورًا مَعَ الْمُحْتَظِرِ",
                       "left":  "وَكُنْتَ فَظًّا وَجَمِيعَ النَّظَرِ",
                       "en":  "(yaẓlalna), (maḥẓūran) with (al-muḥtaẓir), (kunta faẓẓan), and every instance of (an-naẓar),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  58,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَحَيْثُ وَيْلٌ وَأَوْلَى نَاظِرَهْ",
                       "left":  "وَالْغَيْظَ لَا الرَّعْدَ وَهُودَ قَاصِرَهْ",
                       "en":  "and wherever (wayl) and (awlā) occur, (nāẓirah), (al-ghayẓ) — but not the ḍād of ar-Raʿd and Hūd, which is restricted,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  59,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَالْحَظُّ لَا الْحَضُّ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ",
                       "left":  "وَفِي ضَنِينٍ الْخِلَافُ سَامِي",
                       "en":  "and read (al-ḥaẓẓ), not (al-ḥaḍḍ), in \u0027urging to feed\u0027; and in (ḍanīn) the disagreement is well known."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  60,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَإِنْ تَلَاقَيَا الْبَيَانُ لَازِمُ",
                       "left":  "أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ يَعَضُّ الظَّالِمُ",
                       "en":  "And if the two (ḍād and ẓāʾ) meet, distinctness is obligatory, as in (anqaḍa ẓahrak), (yaʿaḍḍu-ẓ-ẓālim),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  61,
                       "chapter":  "dhad-dha",
                       "right":  "وَاضْطُرَّ مَعْ وَعَظْتَ مَعْ أَفَضْتُمُ",
                       "left":  "وَصِفْ هَا جِبَاهُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمُ",
                       "en":  "(iḍṭurra) with (waʿaẓta) and (afaḍtum); and pronounce clearly the hāʾ of (jibāhuhum), (ʿalayhim)."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  62,
                       "chapter":  "noon-meem",
                       "right":  "وَأَظْهِرِ الْغُنَّةَ مِنْ نُونٍ وَمِنْ",
                       "left":  "مِيمٍ إِذَا مَا شُدِّدَا وَأَخْفِيَنْ",
                       "en":  "Manifest the ghunnah in the nūn and mīm whenever they are doubled; and conceal (with ghunnah)"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  63,
                       "chapter":  "noon-meem",
                       "right":  "الْمِيمَ إِنْ تَسْكُنْ بِغُنَّةٍ لَدَى",
                       "left":  "بَاءٍ عَلَى الْمُخْتَارِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَدَا",
                       "en":  "the mīm when it is quiescent, with ghunnah, before a bāʾ — by the preferred view of the masters of recitation —"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  64,
                       "chapter":  "noon-meem",
                       "right":  "وَأَظْهِرَنْهَا عِنْدَ بَاقِي الْأَحْرُفِ",
                       "left":  "وَاحْذَرْ لَدَى وَاوٍ وَفَا أَنْ تَخْتَفِي",
                       "en":  "and manifest it before the remaining letters; and beware of letting it vanish at a wāw or fāʾ."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  65,
                       "chapter":  "noon-sakin",
                       "right":  "وَحُكْمُ تَنْوِينٍ وَنُونٍ يُلْفَى",
                       "left":  "إِظْهَارٌ ادْغَامٌ وَقَلْبٌ إِخْفَا",
                       "en":  "The ruling of tanwīn and quiescent nūn is found (in four forms): iẓhār, idghām, iqlāb and ikhfāʾ."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  66,
                       "chapter":  "noon-sakin",
                       "right":  "فَعِنْدَ حَرْفِ الْحَلْقِ أَظْهِرْ وَادَّغِمْ",
                       "left":  "فِي اللَّامِ وَالرَّا لَا بِغُنَّةٍ لَزِمْ",
                       "en":  "So at a throat letter, manifest (iẓhār); and merge (idghām) into lām and rāʾ without ghunnah, as required,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  67,
                       "chapter":  "noon-sakin",
                       "right":  "وَأَدْغِمَنْ بِغُنَّةٍ فِي يُومِنُ",
                       "left":  "إِلَّا بِكِلْمَةٍ كَدُنْيَا عَنْوَنُوا",
                       "en":  "and merge with ghunnah into the letters of (yūminu), except within a single word, as in (dunyā), (ʿunwān);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  68,
                       "chapter":  "noon-sakin",
                       "right":  "وَالْقَلْبُ عِنْدَ الْبَا بِغُنَّةٍ كَذَا",
                       "left":  "الْإِخْفَا لَدَى بَاقِي الْحُرُوفِ أُخِذَا",
                       "en":  "and iqlāb before the bāʾ, with ghunnah; likewise ikhfāʾ is applied at the remaining letters."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  69,
                       "chapter":  "madd",
                       "right":  "وَالْمَدُّ لَازِمٌ وَوَاجِبٌ أَتَى",
                       "left":  "وَجَائِزٌ وَهْوَ وَقَصْرٌ ثَبَتَا",
                       "en":  "Madd comes as obligatory (lāzim), necessary (wājib) and permissible (jāʾiz); and it, and shortening (qaṣr), are established."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  70,
                       "chapter":  "madd",
                       "right":  "فَلَازِمٌ إِنْ جَاءَ بَعْدَ حَرْفِ مَدْ",
                       "left":  "سَاكِنٌ حَالَيْنِ وَبِالطُّولِ يُمَدْ",
                       "en":  "It is lāzim if, after a madd letter, a permanent sukūn follows in both states, and it is lengthened fully;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  71,
                       "chapter":  "madd",
                       "right":  "وَوَاجِبٌ إِنْ جَاءَ قَبْلَ هَمْزَةِ",
                       "left":  "مُتَّصِلًا إِنْ جُمِعَا بِكِلْمَةِ",
                       "en":  "and wājib if it comes before a hamzah joined with it within one word (muttaṣil);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  72,
                       "chapter":  "madd",
                       "right":  "وَجَائِزٌ إِذَا أَتَى مُنْفَصِلَا",
                       "left":  "أَوْ عَرَضَ السُّكُونُ وَقْفًا مُسْجَلَا",
                       "en":  "and jāʾiz when it comes separated (munfaṣil), or when a sukūn arises incidentally at a pause."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  73,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "وَبَعْدَ تَجْوِيدِكَ لِلْحُرُوفِ",
                       "left":  "لَا بُدَّ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ الْوُقُوفِ",
                       "en":  "And after your perfecting of the letters, there is no escape from knowing the (rules of) stopping,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  74,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "وَالِابْتِدَا وَهْيَ تُقْسَمُ إِذَنْ",
                       "left":  "ثَلَاثَةً تَامٌ وَكَافٍ وَحَسَنْ",
                       "en":  "and of starting; and it is divided, then, into three: complete (tāmm), sufficient (kāfī) and good (ḥasan)."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  75,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "وَهْيَ لِمَا تَمَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدِ",
                       "left":  "تَعَلُّقٌ أَوْ كَانَ مَعْنًى فَابْتَدِ",
                       "en":  "It applies to what is complete; so if no connection (in wording) is found, or there is one (only) in meaning, then begin anew."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  76,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "فَالتَّامُ فَالْكَافِي وَلَفْظًا فَامْنَعَنْ",
                       "left":  "إِلَّا رُؤُوسَ الْآيِ جَوِّزْ فَالْحَسَنْ",
                       "en":  "It is tāmm, then kāfī; and where the wording connects, forbid (stopping) — except at verse-ends, which are permitted — that is the ḥasan;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  77,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "وَغَيْرُ مَا تَمَّ قَبِيحٌ وَلَهُ",
                       "left":  "يُوقَفُ مُضْطَرًّا وَيُبْدَا قَبْلَهُ",
                       "en":  "and other than the complete is ugly (qabīḥ); one stops at it only out of necessity, and should restart before it."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  78,
                       "chapter":  "waqf",
                       "right":  "وَلَيْسَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ وَقْفٍ يَجِبْ",
                       "left":  "وَلَا حَرَامٌ غَيْرَ مَا لَهُ سَبَبْ",
                       "en":  "There is in the Qurʾān no stop that is (absolutely) obligatory, nor any forbidden, except one that has a reason."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  79,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَاعْرِفْ لِمَقْطُوعٍ وَمَوْصُولٍ وَتَا",
                       "left":  "فِي مُصْحَفِ الْإِمَامِ فِيمَا قَدْ أَتَى",
                       "en":  "Know the separated, the joined, and the tāʾ (spellings) in the Imām\u0027s (ʿUthmānic) muṣḥaf, in what has come down."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  80,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "فَاقْطَعْ بِعَشْرِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ لَا",
                       "left":  "مَعْ مَلْجَأٍ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا",
                       "en":  "Write (an lā) separated in ten places, with (malja\u0027), and (lā ilāha illā),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  81,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَتَعْبُدُوا يَاسِينَ ثَانِي هُودَ لَا",
                       "left":  "يُشْرِكْنَ تُشْرِكْ يَدْخُلْنَ تَعْلُوا عَلَى",
                       "en":  "and (taʿbudū) of Yāsīn, the second (an lā) of Hūd, (lā yushrikna), (tushrik), (yadkhulna), (taʿlū ʿalā),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  82,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "أَنْ لَا يَقُولُوا لَا أَقُولَ إِنَّ مَا",
                       "left":  "بِالرَّعْدِ وَالْمَفْتُوحَ صِلْ وَعَنْ مَا",
                       "en":  "(an lā yaqūlū), (lā aqūla); and join (inna mā) in ar-Raʿd, and the one with fatḥah, and (ʿan mā)"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  83,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "نُهُوا اقْطَعُوا مِنْ مَا بِرُومٍ وَالنِّسَا",
                       "left":  "خُلْفُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَا",
                       "en":  "of (nuhū); separate (min mā) in ar-Rūm and an-Nisāʾ; there is disagreement in al-Munāfiqūn; and (am man assasa),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  84,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "فُصِّلَتِ النِّسَا وَذِبْحٍ حَيْثُ مَا",
                       "left":  "وَأَنْ لَمِ الْمَفْتُوحَ كَسْرُ إِنَّ مَا",
                       "en":  "separated in Fuṣṣilat, an-Nisāʾ, and (dhibḥ); wherever (ḥaythu mā), (an lam) with fatḥah; read (inna mā) with kasrah"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  85,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "الْأَنْعَامَ وَالْمَفْتُوحَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَا",
                       "left":  "وَخُلْفُ الْأَنْفَالِ وَنَحْلٍ وَقَعَا",
                       "en":  "in al-Anʿām, and (yadʿūna) with fatḥah, both together; and disagreement occurred in al-Anfāl and an-Naḥl,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  86,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَكُلَّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَاخْتُلِفْ",
                       "left":  "رُدُّوا كَذَا قُلْ بِئْسَ مَا وَالْوَصْلَ صِفْ",
                       "en":  "and (kulla mā saʾaltumūh); disagreement occurs in (ruddū); likewise write joined (qul biʾsa mā), so describe the joining,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  87,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "خَلَفْتُمُونِي وَاشْتَرَوْا فِي مَا اقْطَعَا",
                       "left":  "أَوْحِي أَفَضْتُمُ اشْتَهَتْ يَبْلُوا مَعَا",
                       "en":  "(khalaftumūnī), (ishtaraw); separate (fī mā); (ūḥiya), (afaḍtum), (ishtahat), (yablū) — both together;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  88,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "ثَانِي فَعَلْنَ وَقَعَتْ رُومٌ كِلَا",
                       "left":  "تَنْزِيلَ شُعَرَا وَغَيْرَهَا صِلَا",
                       "en":  "the second (faʿalna), (waqaʿat) of ar-Rūm — both; (tanzīl) of ash-Shuʿarāʾ; and join the rest,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  89,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "فَأَيْنَمَا كَالنَّحْلِ صِلْ وَمُخْتَلِفْ",
                       "left":  "فِي الشُّعَرَا الْأَحْزَابِ وَالنِّسَا وَصِفْ",
                       "en":  "join (fa-aynamā) as in an-Naḥl; and it differs in ash-Shuʿarāʾ, al-Aḥzāb and an-Nisāʾ, so describe it,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  90,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَصِلْ فَإِلَّمْ هُودَ أَلَّنْ نَجْعَلَا",
                       "left":  "نَجْمَعَ كَيْلَا تَحْزَنُوا تَأْسَوْا عَلَى",
                       "en":  "and join (fa-illam) of Hūd, (allan najʿala), (najmaʿa), (kaylā), (taḥzanū), (taʾsaw ʿalā),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  91,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "حَجَّ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ وَقَطْعُهُمْ",
                       "left":  "عَنْ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مَنْ تَوَلَّى يَوْمَ هُمْ",
                       "en":  "(ḥajj), (ʿalayka ḥaraj); and they separated (ʿan man yashāʾu), (man tawallā), (yawma hum),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  92,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَمَالِ هَذَا وَالَّذِينَ هَؤُلَا",
                       "left":  "حَالِ تَحِينَ فِي الْإِمَامِ صِلْ",
                       "en":  "and (māli hādhā), (wa-lladhīna hāʾulāʾ), (ḥāl), (taḥīn) — join them in the Imām\u0027s muṣḥaf,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  93,
                       "chapter":  "maqtoo",
                       "right":  "وَوَزَنُوهُمْ وَكَالُوهُمْ صِلِ",
                       "left":  "كَذَا مِنْ أَلْ وَهَا يَا لَا تَفْصِلِ",
                       "en":  "and join (wazanūhum), (kālūhum); likewise (min al); and do not separate the (hā) of attention or the (yā) of calling."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  94,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "وَرَحْمَتٌ بِالزُّخْرُفِ ابْرَهَامِ",
                       "left":  "بِالْأَعْرَافِ رُومٌ هُودَ كَافٌ بَقَرَهْ",
                       "en":  "And (raḥmat) with an open tāʾ in az-Zukhruf; in al-Aʿrāf, ar-Rūm, Hūd, Maryam, and al-Baqarah;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  95,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "نِعْمَتَهَا ثَلَاثُ نَحْلٍ إِبْرَهَمْ",
                       "left":  "أَخِيرًا عُقُودَ الثَّانِ مَعْ هَمْ",
                       "en":  "(niʿmat): its places are three in an-Naḥl, in Ibrāhīm — the last one — the second of al-Māʾidah (the Covenants), with (others);"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  96,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "لُقْمَانَ ثُمَّ فَاطِرٍ كَالطُّورِ",
                       "left":  "عِمْرَانَ لَعْنَتَ بِهَا وَالنُّورِ",
                       "en":  "in Luqmān, then Fāṭir, like aṭ-Ṭūr; (laʿnat) in Āl ʿImrān and an-Nūr;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  97,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "وَامْرَأَتُ يُوسُفَ عِمْرَانَ الْقَصَصْ",
                       "left":  "تَحْرِيمَ مَعْصِيَتْ بِقَدْ سَمِعَ يَخُصْ",
                       "en":  "and (imraʾat) in Yūsuf, Āl ʿImrān and al-Qaṣaṣ; (taḥrīm), (maʿṣiyat) in (qad samiʿa) specifically;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  98,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "شَجَرَتَ الدُّخَانِ سُنَّتٌ فَاطِرِ",
                       "left":  "كُلًّا وَالْأَنْفَالِ وَأُخْرَى غَافِرِ",
                       "en":  "(shajarat) of ad-Dukhān; (sunnat) of Fāṭir — all of them — and al-Anfāl, and another in Ghāfir;"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  99,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "قُرَّتُ عَيْنٍ جَنَّتٌ فِي وَقَعَتْ",
                       "left":  "فِطْرَتْ بَقِيَّتْ وَابْنَتَ وَكَلِمَتْ",
                       "en":  "(qurrat ʿayn), (jannat) in al-Wāqiʿah, (fiṭrat), (baqiyyat), (ibnat) and (kalimat),"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  100,
                       "chapter":  "taat",
                       "right":  "أَوْسَطَ الْأَعْرَافِ وَكُلُّ مَا اخْتُلِفْ",
                       "left":  "جَمْعًا وَفَرْدًا فِيهِ بِالتَّاءِ عُرِفْ",
                       "en":  "the middle (kalimat) of al-Aʿrāf; and every disputed word, whether plural or singular, is known by the (open) tāʾ."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  101,
                       "chapter":  "hamzat-wasl",
                       "right":  "وَابْدَأْ بِهَمْزِ الْوَصْلِ مِنْ فِعْلٍ بِضَمْ",
                       "left":  "إِنْ كَانَ ثَالِثٌ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ يُضَمْ",
                       "en":  "Begin the hamzat al-waṣl of a verb with a ḍammah, if the verb\u0027s third letter takes a ḍammah,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  102,
                       "chapter":  "hamzat-wasl",
                       "right":  "وَاكْسِرْهُ حَالَ الْكَسْرِ وَالْفَتْحِ وَفِي",
                       "left":  "الْأَسْمَاءِ غَيْرَ اللَّامِ كَسْرَهَا وَفِي",
                       "en":  "and give it a kasrah in the states of kasrah and fatḥah; and in nouns — other than (al) — it takes a kasrah; and in"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  103,
                       "chapter":  "hamzat-wasl",
                       "right":  "ابْنٍ مَعَ ابْنَةٍ امْرِئٍ وَاثْنَيْنِ",
                       "left":  "وَامْرَأَةٍ وَاسْمٍ مَعَ اثْنَتَيْنِ",
                       "en":  "(ibn) with (ibnah), (imriʾ), (ithnayn), (imraʾah), (ism), together with (ithnatayn)."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  104,
                       "chapter":  "waqf-akhir",
                       "right":  "وَحَاذِرِ الْوَقْفَ بِكُلِّ الْحَرَكَهْ",
                       "left":  "إِلَّا إِذَا رُمْتَ فَبَعْضَ الْحَرَكَهْ",
                       "en":  "And beware of pausing with the full vowel; except when you \u0027point\u0027 (rawm), then (sound) part of the vowel,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  105,
                       "chapter":  "waqf-akhir",
                       "right":  "إِلَّا بِفَتْحٍ أَوْ بِنَصْبٍ وَأَشِمَّ",
                       "left":  "إِشَارَةً بِالضَّمِّ فِي رَفْعٍ وَضَمْ",
                       "en":  "except with a fatḥah or naṣb; and \u0027signal\u0027 (ishmām), gesturing to the ḍammah in a rafʿ or ḍamm."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  106,
                       "chapter":  "khatima",
                       "right":  "وَقَدْ تَقَضَّى نَظْمِيَ الْمُقَدِّمَهْ",
                       "left":  "مِنِّي لِقَارِئِ الْقُرْآنِ تَقْدِمَهْ",
                       "en":  "My composition of the Introduction is now complete — a gift from me to the reciter of the Qurʾān."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  107,
                       "chapter":  "khatima",
                       "right":  "أَبْيَاتُهَا قَافٌ وَزَايٌ فِي الْعَدَدْ",
                       "left":  "مَنْ يُحْسِنِ التَّجْوِيدَ يَظْفَرْ بِالرَّشَدْ",
                       "en":  "Its verses number qāf and zāy (107) in count; whoever perfects tajwīd shall attain right guidance."
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  108,
                       "chapter":  "khatima",
                       "right":  "وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ لَهَا خِتَامُ",
                       "left":  "ثُمَّ الصَّلَاةُ بَعْدُ وَالسَّلَامُ",
                       "en":  "And praise be to Allah is its seal; then blessings thereafter, and peace,"
                   },
                   {
                       "n":  109,
                       "chapter":  "khatima",
                       "right":  "عَلَى النَّبِيِّ الْمُصْطَفَى وَآلِهِ",
                       "left":  "وَصَحْبِهِ وَتَابِعِي مِنْوَالِهِ",
                       "en":  "upon the Chosen Prophet, and his family, his companions, and those who follow his way."
                   }
               ]
}